Image copyright: William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org

Prevention

Solution Production stage (if possible with reference to BBCH scale)
Avoid water stagnation and limit irrigation
From Sowing/Planting to Harvest
Collect and destroy infected plants
From Sowing/Planting to Harvest
Wide crop rotations
Pre-season
Carry out soil disinfestation (where it is possible)
Pre-season

Solution Production stage (if possible with reference to BBCH scale)
Use resistant or tolerant varieties
Sowing/Planting

Control

Solution Product Category Production stage (if possible with reference to BBCH scale) Max nb. of a. i. application/year Application Details and Notes (commercial product example) Risk resistance (FRAC Code)
Solarize the ground with transparent PE film with a thickness of mm 0.035-0.050 during the months of June-August for at least 50 days.
Pre-season
Trichoderma asperellum & Trichoderma gamsii
Microbiological fungicide
Apply by wetting the substrate in pre-sowing or pre-transplanting and repeat at planting or transplanting.
2 per crop cycle
(REMEDIER) Dosage: 2,5 kg/ha
Resistance not known (BM02)

Solution Product Category Production stage (if possible with reference to BBCH scale) Max nb. of a. i. application/year Application Details and Notes (commercial product example) Risk resistance (FRAC Code)
Application of BCAs starting from nursery
From Pre-sowing/Pre-planting to Harvest
Application of suppressive compost in nursery or in open field
From Pre-sowing/Pre-planting to Harvest
Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713
Microbiological fungicide
from BBCH 13 to BBCH 89
6
(SERENADE® ASO) Dosage: 4-8 L/ha.
Resistance not known (BM02)
Pseudomonas sp. DSMZ strain
Microbiological fungicide
First application in pre/transplant, and thereafter, for a maximum of 3 applications/crop cycle, every 15-30 days
3 per crop cycle
(Proradix®) Dosage: 100-125 g/ha. The first application can be by root wetting, fertigation or sprinkler. Subsequent ones by fertigation or sprinkler
Streptomyces k61
Microbiological fungicide
Immediately after the transplantation. Repeat the treatment every 3 to 6 weeks
(LALSTOP K61 WP) To be applied to the growing medium by soil drenching or drip irrigation at the time of transplanting. Use 2-10 g/100 m2 or 5-20 g/1000 plants
Resistance not known (BM02)
The information made available here has been obtained from or is based upon sources believed by CABI to be reliable but is not guaranteed as to accuracy or completeness. Anyone acting or relying on such information does so entirely at their own risk. The efficacy of the IPM methods included above will depend on local conditions and might not always be suitable everywhere within the specified country.